NAME
pscoupe - Plot cross-sections of focal mechanisms.
SYNOPSIS
pscoupe files -Jparameters -Rwest/east/south/north -Aparameters [
-Btickinfo ] [ -Ffill ] [ -Gfill ] [ -H ] [ -K ] [ -L[pen] ] [-M] [ -N
] [ -O ] [ -P ] [-S<symbol><scale>[/d] ] [ -s<symbol><size>[/d] ] [ -Tn
] [ -U[label] ] [ -V ] [ -Wpen ] [ -Xx-shift ] [ -Yy-shift ] [ -Z<cpt>
] [ -a[<size>/[P_symbol>/[T_symbol]]] ] [ -gfill ] [ -efill ] [ -ppen ]
[ -tpen ] [ -: ] [ -c#copies ]
DESCRIPTION
pscoupe reads data values from files [or standard input] and generates
PostScript code that will plot symbols, lines or polygons on a cross-
section. Focal mechanisms may be specified and require additional
columns of data. The PostScript code is written to standard output.
files list one or more file-names. If no files are given, pscoupe will
read standard input.
A new file is created with the new coordinates (x, y) and the mechanism
(from lower focal half-sphere for horizontal plane, to half-sphere
behind a vertical plane). When the plane is not horizontal, - north
direction becomes upwards steepest descent direction of the plane (u) -
east direction becomes strike direction of the plane (s) - down direc-
tion (= north^east) becomes u^s
Axis angles are defined in the same way as in horizontal plane in the
new system.
Moment tensor (initially in r, t, f system that is up, south, east) is
defined in (-u^s, -u, s) system. A file is created with extracted
events.
-J Selects the map projection. Scale is UNIT/degree, 1:xxxxx, or
width in UNIT (upper case modifier). UNIT is cm, inch, or m,
depending on the MEASURE_UNIT setting in .gmtdefaults4, but this
can be overridden on the command line by appending c, i, or m to
the scale/width value. For map height, max dimension, or min
dimension, append h, +, or - to the width, respectively.
CYLINDRICAL PROJECTIONS:
-Jclon0/lat0/scale (Cassini)
-Jjlon0/scale (Miller)
-Jmscale (Mercator - Greenwich and Equator as origin)
-Jmlon0/lat0/scale (Mercator - Give meridian and standard paral-
lel)
-Joalon0/lat0/azimuth/scale (Oblique Mercator - point and
azimuth)
-Joblon0/lat0/lon1/lat1/scale (Oblique Mercator - two points)
-Joclon0/lat0/lonp/latp/scale (Oblique Mercator - point and
pole)
-Jqlon0/scale (Equidistant Cylindrical Projection (Plate Car-
ree))
-Jtlon0/scale (TM - Transverse Mercator, with Equator as y = 0)
CONIC PROJECTIONS:
-Jblon0/lat0/lat1/lat2/scale (Albers)
-Jdlon0/lat0/lat1/lat2/scale (Equidistant)
-Jllon0/lat0/lat1/lat2/scale (Lambert)
MISCELLANEOUS PROJECTIONS:
-Jhlon0/scale (Hammer)
-Jilon0/scale (Sinusoidal)
-Jk[f|s]lon0/scale (Eckert IV (f) and VI (s))
-Jnlon0/scale (Robinson)
-Jrlon0/scale (Winkel Tripel)
-Jvlon0/scale (Van der Grinten)
-Jwlon0/scale (Mollweide)
NON-GEOGRAPHICAL PROJECTIONS:
-Jp[a]scale[/origin] (polar (theta,r) coordinates, optional a
for azimuths and offset theta [0])
-Jxx-scale[l|ppow][/y-scale[l|ppow]][d] (Linear, log, and power
scaling)
More details can be found in the psbasemap man pages.
-R xmin, xmax, ymin, and ymax specify the Region of interest. For
geographic regions, these limits correspond to west, east,
south, and north and you may specify them in decimal degrees or
in [+-]dd:mm[:ss.xxx][W|E|S|N] format. Append r if lower left
and upper right map coordinates are given instead of wesn. The
two shorthands -Rg -Rd stand for global domain (0/360 or
-180/+180 in longitude respectively, with -90/+90 in latitude).
For calendar time coordinates you may either give relative time
(relative to the selected TIME_EPOCH and in the selected
TIME_UNIT; append t to -JX|x), or absolute time of the form
[date]T[clock] (append T to -JX|x). At least one of date and
clock must be present; the T is always required. The date string
must be of the form [-]yyyy[-mm[-dd]] (Gregorian calendar) or
yyyy[-Www[-d]] (ISO week calendar), while the clock string must
be of the form hh:mm:ss[.xxx]. The use of delimiters and their
type and positions must be as indicated (however, input/output
and plotting formats are flexible). If frame is defined from
cross-section parameters (see -A) this option is not taken into
account, but must be present.
-A selects the cross-section.
-Aalon1/lat1/lon2/lat2/dip/p_width/dmin/dmax[f]
lon and lat are the longitude and latitude of points 1 and 2
limiting the length ot the cross-section.
dip is the dip of the plane on which the cross-section is made.
p_width is the width of the cross-section on each side of a ver-
tical plane or above and under an oblique plane.
dmin and dmax are the distances min and max from horizontal
plane, along steepest descent direction.
Add f to get the frame from the cross-section parameters.
-S selects the meaning of the columns in the data file and the fig-
ure to be plotted.
-Sascale[/fontsize[/offset[u]]]
Focal mechanisms in Aki and Richard convention. scale adjusts
the scaling of the radius of the "beach ball", which will be
proportional to the magnitude. The scale is the size for magni-
tude = 5 in MEASURE_UNIT (unless c, i, m, or p is appended to
indicate that the size information is in units of cm, inches,
meters, or points, respectively). Use the -T option to render
the beach ball transparent by drawing only the nodal planes and
the circumference. The color or shade of the compressive quad-
rants can be specified with the -G option. The color or shade of
the extensive quadrants can be specified with the -E option.
Parameters are expected to be in the following columns:
1,2: longitude, latitude of event (-: option interchanges order)
3: depth of event in kilometers
4,5,6: strike, dip and rake
7: magnitude
8,9: not used; can be 0 0; allows use of the psmeca file format
10: text string to appear above the beach ball (default) or under
(add u).
-Scscale
Focal mechanisms in Harvard CMT convention. scale adjusts the
scaling of the radius of the "beach ball", which will be propor-
tional to the magnitude. The scale is the size for magnitude = 5
(that is M0 = 4E+23 dynes-cm.) in MEASURE_UNIT (unless c, i, m,
or p is appended to indicate that the size information is in
units of cm, inches, meters, or points, respectively). Use the
-T option to render the beach ball transparent by drawing only
the nodal planes and the circumference. The color or shade of
the compressive quadrants can be specified with the -G option.
The color or shade of the extensive quadrants can be specified
with the -E option. Parameters are expected to be in the fol-
lowing columns:
1,2: longitude, latitude of event (-: option interchanges order)
3: depth of event in kilometers
4,5,6: strike, dip, and slip of plane 1
7,8,9: strike, dip, and slip of plane 2
10,11: mantissa and exponent of moment in dyne-cm (if magnitude is uses
instead of scalar moment, magnitude is in column 10 and 0 must
will be proportional to the magnitude. The scale is the size for
magnitude = 5 in MEASURE_UNIT (unless c, i, m, or p is appended
to indicate that the size information is in units of cm, inches,
meters, or points, respectively). The color or shade of the com-
pressive quadrants can be specified with the -G option. The
color or shade of the extensive quadrants can be specified with
the -E option. Parameters are expected to be in the following
columns:
1,2: longitude, latitude of event (-: option interchanges order)
3: depth
4,5: strike, dip of plane 1
6: strike of plane 2
7: must be -1/+1 for a normal/inverse fault
8: magnitude
9,10: not used; can be 0 0; allows use of the psmeca file format
11: text string to appear above the beach ball (default) or under
(add u).
-Smscale[/fontsize[/offset[u]]] Seismic moment tensor.
scale adjusts the scaling of the radius of the "beach ball",
which will be proportional to the magnitude. The scale is the
size for magnitude = 5 (that is seismic scalar moment = 4E+23
dynes-cm) in MEASURE_UNIT (unless c, i, m, or p is appended to
indicate that the size information is in units of cm, inches,
meters, or points, respectively). (-T0 option overlays best
double couple transparently.) Put -Sdscale[/fontsize[/off-
set[u]]] to plot the only double couple part of moment tensor.
Put -Szscale[/fontsize[/offset[u]]] to plot anisotropic part of
moment tensor (zero trace). The color or shade of the compres-
sive quadrants can be specified with the -G option. The color or
shade of the extensive quadrants can be specified with the -E
option. Parameters are expected to be in the following columns:
1,2: longitude, latitude of event (-: option interchanges order)
3: depth of event in kilometers
4,5,6,7,8,9:
mrr, mtt, mff, mrt, mrf, mtf in 10*exponent dynes-cm
10: exponent
11,12: Not used; can be 0 0; allows use of the psmeca file format
13: Text string to appear above the beach ball (default) or under
(add u).
Put -Stscale[/fontsize[/offset[u]]] to plot anisotropic part of
moment tensor (zero trace). The color or shade of the compres-
sive quadrants can be specified with the -G option. The color or
shade of the extensive quadrants can be specified with the -E
option. Parameters are expected to be in the following columns:
1,2: longitude, latitude of event (-: option interchanges order)
3: depth of event in kilometers
4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12:
value (in 10*exponent dynes-cm), azimuth, plunge of the T, N,
and P axes.
13: exponent
14,15: longitude, latitude at which to place beach ball. Entries in
these columns are necessary with the -C option. Using 0,0 in
columns 9 and 10 will plot the beach ball at the longitude, lat-
itude given in columns 1 and 2. The -: option will interchange
the order of columns (1,2) and (9,10).
16: Text string to appear above the beach ball (optional).
-ssymbol[size[/fontsize[/offset[u]]]
selects a symbol instead of mechanism. Choose from the follow-
ing: (c) circle, (d) diamond, (i) itriangle, (s) square, (t)
triangle, (x) cross. size is the symbol size in MEASURE_UNIT
(unless c, i, m, or p is appended to indicate that the size
information is in units of cm, inches, meters, or points,
respectively). If size must be read, it must be in column 4 and
the text string will start in column 5. Parameters are expected
to be in the following columns:
1,2: longitude, latitude of event (-: option interchanges order)
3: depth of event in kilometers
4: Text string to appear above the beach ball (default) or under
(add u).
OPTIONS
No space between the option flag and the associated arguments.
-B Sets map boundary annotation and tickmark intervals; see the
psbasemap man page for all the details.
-Efill Selects filling of extensive quadrants. Usually white. Set the
shade (0-255) or color (r/g/b) [Default is 255/255/255].
-Gfill selects filling of focal mechanisms. By convention, the
compressional quadrants are shaded. Set the shade (0-255) or
color (r/g/b) [Default is 0/0/0]. Optionally, specify -Gpi-
con_size/pattern, where pattern gives the number of the image
-K More PostScript code will be appended later [Default terminates
the plot system].
-L[pen]
Draws the "beach ball" outline using current pen (see -W) or
sets pen attributes.
-M Same size for any magnitude.
-N Does NOT skip symbols that fall outside map border [Default
plots points inside border only].
-O Selects Overlay plot mode [Default initializes a new plot sys-
tem].
-P Selects Portrait plotting mode [GMT Default is Landscape, see
gmtdefaults to change this].
-T[num_of_planes]
Plots the nodal planes and outlines the bubble which is trans-
parent. If num_of_planes is
0: both nodal planes are plotted;
1: only the first nodal plane is plotted;
2: only the second nodal plane is plotted [Default: 0].
-U Draw Unix System time stamp on plot. User may specify where the
lower left corner of the stamp should fall on the page relative
to lower left corner of plot. Optionally, append a label, or c
(which will plot the command string.). The GMT parameters
UNIX_TIME and UNIX_TIME_POS can affect the appearance; see the
gmtdefaults man page for details.
-V Selects verbose mode, which will send progress reports to stderr
[Default runs "silently"].
-W set pen attributes for text string or default pen attributes for
fault plane edges. [Defaults: width = 1, color = 0/0/0, texture
= solid].
-X -Y Shift origin of plot by (x-shift,y-shift). Prepend a for abso-
lute coordinates; the default (r) will reset plot origin. Give
c to center plot using current page size.
-Zcptfile
Give a color palette file and let compressive part color be
determined by the z-value in the third column.
-a[size/[P_axis_symbol/[T_axis_symbol]]]
Computes and plots P and T axes with symbols. Optionally specify
size and (separate) P and T axis symbols from the following: (c)
circle, (d) diamond, (h) hexagon, (i) inverse triangle,
(p)point, (s) square, (t) triangle, (x) cross. [Defaults:
0.2c/c/c or 0.08i/c/c.]
-efill Selects filling of T axis symbol. Set the shade (0-255) or
attributes.
-: Toggles between (longitude,latitude) and (latitude,longitude)
input and/or output. [Default is (longitude,latitude)]. Append
i to select input only or o to select output only. [Default
affects both].
-c Specifies the number of plot copies. [Default is 1].
SEE ALSO
gmt(GMTMANSECTION), psbasemap(GMTMANSECTION), psmeca(GMTMANSECTION),
psxy(GMTMANSECTION)
REFERENCES
Bomford, G., Geodesy, 4th ed., Oxford University Press, 1980.
Aki, K. and P. Richards, Quantitative Seismology, Freeman, 1980.
F. A. Dahlen and Jeoren Trom, Theoretical Seismology, Princeton, 1998,
p.167. Definition of scalar moment.
Cliff Frohlich, Cliff’s Nodes Concerning Plotting Nodal Lines for P, Sh
and Sv
Seismological Research Letters, Volume 67, Number 1, January-February,
1996
Thorne Lay, Terry C. Wallace, Modern Global Seismology, Academic Press,
1995, p.384.
W.H. Press, S.A. Teukolsky, W.T. Vetterling, B.P. Flannery, Numerical
Recipes in C, Cambridge University press (routine jacobi)
AUTHOR
Genevieve Patau
CNRS UMR 7580
Seismology Dept.
Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris
(patau@ipgp.jussieu.fr)
GMT4.0 1 Oct 2004 PSCOUPE(GMTMANSECTION)
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